Analysis of The Civil Wars (excerpts)

XXXVI
     The swift approach and unexpected speed
   The king had made upon this new-rais'd force,
   In the unconfirmed troops, much fear did breed,
   Untimely hind'ring their intended course.
   The joining with the Welsh they had decreed
   Was hereby dash'd; which made their cause the worse.
   Northumberland, with forces from the north,
   Expected to be there, was not set forth.

XXXVII
     And yet undaunted Hotspur, seeing the king
  So near arriv'd, leaving the work in hand,
  With forward speed his forces marshalling,
  Sets forth his farther coming to withstand.
  And with a cheerful voice encouraging
  His well experienc'd and adventurous band,
  Brings on his army, eager unto fight;
  And plac'd the same before the king in sight.

"This day," saith he, "my valiant trusty friends,
  Whatever it doth give, shall glory give;
  This day, with honour, frees our state, or ends
  Our misery with fame, that still shall live.
  And do but think, how well the same he spends,
  Who spends his blood, his country to relieve.
  What? have we hands, and shall we servile be?
  Why were swords made, but to preserve men free.

"Besides, the assured hope of victory
  Which we may even promise on our side,
  Against this weak constrained company,
  Whom force and fear, not will and love doth guide,
  Against a prince, whose foul impiety
  The heavens do hate, the earth cannot abide:
  Our number being no less, our courage more,
  No doubt we have it, if we work therefore."

This said, and thus resolv'd, even bent to charge
  Upon the king; who well their order view'd,
  And wary noted all the course at large
  Of their proceeding, and their multitude,
  And deeming better, if he could discharge
  The day with safety, and some peace conclude,
  Great proffers sends of pardon and of grace
  If they would yield, and quietness embrace.

Which though his fears might drive him to propose,
  To time his business, for some other end;
  Yet, sure, he could not mean t' have peace with those
  Who did in that supreme degree offend.
  Nor were they such, as would be won with shows;
  Or breath of oaths, or vows could apprehend:
  So that in honour the offers he doth make,
  Were not for him to give nor them to take.

And yet this much his courses do approve,
  He was not bloody in his natural;
  And yield he did to more then might behove
  His dignity to have dispens'd withal:
  And, unto Worcester, he himself did move
  A reconcilement to be made of all:
  But Worcester, knowing it could not be secur'd,
  His nephews onset, yet for all, procur'd.

Which seeing, the king, with greater wrath incens'd,
  Rage, against fury, doth with speed prepare.
  "And though," said he, "I could have well dispens'd
  With this day's blood, which I have sought to spare;
  That greater glory might have recompens'd
  The forward worth of these, that so much dare;
  That we might good have had by th' overthrown,
  And the wounds we make might not have been our own:

"Yet, since that other men's iniquity
  Calls on the sword of wrath, against my will;
  And that themselves exact this cruelty,
  And I constrained am this blood to spill;
  Then on, brave followers, on courageously,
  True-hearted subjects, against traitors ill;
  And spare not them, who seek to spoil us all
  Whose foul confused end, soon see you shall."

Forthwith, began these fury-moving sounds,
  The notes of wrath, the music brought from Hell,
  The rattling drums, which trumpets voice confounds
  The cries, the encouragements, the shouting shrill;
  That, all about, the beaten air rebounds
  Confused thundering-murmurs horrible;
  To rob all sense, except the sense to fight.
  Well hands may work; the mind hath lost his sight.

O war! begot in pride and luxury,
  The child of malice, and revengeful hate;
  Thou impious good, and good impiety,
  That art the foul refiner of a state;
  Unjust-just scourge of men's iniquity,
  Sharp-easer of corruptions desperate;
  Is there no means but that a sin-sick land
  Must be let blood with such a boisterous hand?

How well mightst thou have here been spar'd this day,
  Had not wrong-counsell'd Percy been perverse?
  Whose forward hand, inur'd to wounds, makes way
  Upon the sha